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価格を読む

四つの面が同じ問いに答えます。たいてい欲しいのはフィードのアダプターです。それは Chainlink の AggregatorV3Interface であり、あなたの既存のコードはすでにその言葉を話せるからです。

コントラクトから

アダプターは Chainlink の AggregatorV3Interface です

The adapter implements AggregatorV3Interface with the same five functions and the same signatures, so existing code that reads a Chainlink feed compiles and runs against it unchanged. Point your consumer at the feed's adapter and it works.

二つの形があり、どちらも同じラウンドを保持します。レジストリはすべての 読み取りを feedId でキー付けします。フィードごとのアダプターは 一つの feedId を一つのアドレスに固定するので、Chainlink に向けて書かれた利用者はフィード ID について何も知る必要がありません。

solidity
// The adapter: what an existing Chainlink consumer already calls.
AggregatorV3Interface feed = AggregatorV3Interface(adapter);
(, int256 answer,, uint256 updatedAt,) = feed.latestRoundData();
uint8 decimals = feed.decimals();          // 8 on every feed today - read it anyway

// The registry: one address for all 33 feeds, keyed by the hash of the symbol.
bytes32 feedId = keccak256(bytes("XAU/USD"));
(, int256 gold,, uint256 goldUpdatedAt,) = registry.latestRoundData(feedId);
uint8 state = registry.status(feedId);     // 1 open, 2 closed
uint64 observedAt = registry.latestObservedAt(feedId);

Chainlink の利用者がこれに頼る前に知っておくべき六つのこと。

  • One adapter per feed, holding no data: it stores the registry address and its own feedId and forwards every call. Rounds live in the registry.
  • startedAt equals updatedAt. Every round is a single transmission, as an OCR feed reports it, and answeredInRound equals roundId because no round is ever carried over.
  • updatedAt is the block timestamp of the publishing transaction, not the time the price was observed. The observation time is observedAt(feedId, roundId) on the registry, which usually LEADS updatedAt - that is why it is kept off the Chainlink tuple, where startedAt <= updatedAt is assumed.
  • The adapter emits no events. A consumer watching AnswerUpdated on it sees nothing; the registry emits FeedUpdated(feedId, ...) instead, and feedId is indexed.
  • version() returns 2, which is this layer's version and not a Chainlink aggregator version.
  • latestRoundData() on a feed that has never been written reverts with Error("No data present"), bubbled from the registry unchanged. The legacy latestAnswer() does not revert - it reads the ring at index 0 and returns 0, which is exactly the zero a consumer must not treat as a price.

自分で検査を行う利用者は、アダプターではなくレジストリを使いたいはずです。状態と観測時刻は Chainlink のタプルに含まれていないからです。

solidity
interface IPickleFeeds {
    function latestRoundData(bytes32 feedId)
        external view returns (uint80, int256, uint256, uint256, uint80);
    function status(bytes32 feedId) external view returns (uint8);
    function decimals(bytes32 feedId) external view returns (uint8);
}

uint8 constant STATUS_OPEN = 1;
uint8 constant STATUS_CLOSED = 2;

/// maxAge is YOUR tolerance, in seconds, and it only applies while the market is open.
function priceOf(IPickleFeeds registry, bytes32 feedId, uint256 maxAge)
    internal view returns (int256 answer, uint8 decimals)
{
    uint256 updatedAt;
    // Reverts with Error("No data present") when the feed has never been written.
    (, answer,, updatedAt,) = registry.latestRoundData(feedId);
    require(answer > 0, "feed: non-positive answer");

    uint8 state = registry.status(feedId);
    require(state == STATUS_OPEN || state == STATUS_CLOSED, "feed: status unknown");
    // A closed market's last print is the right price for as long as it is closed.
    if (state == STATUS_OPEN) {
        require(block.timestamp - updatedAt <= maxAge, "feed: stale");
    }
    decimals = registry.decimals(feedId);
}

レジストリの読み取り関数

  • latestRoundData(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint80 roundId, int256 answer, uint256 startedAt, uint256 updatedAt, uint80 answeredInRound)
  • getRoundData(bytes32 feedId, uint80 roundId) returns (uint80, int256, uint256, uint256, uint80)
  • latestAnswer(bytes32 feedId) returns (int256)
  • latestTimestamp(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint256)
  • latestRound(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint256)
  • observedAt(bytes32 feedId, uint80 roundId) returns (uint64)
  • latestObservedAt(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint64)
  • status(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint8)
  • source(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint8)
  • decimals(bytes32 feedId) returns (uint8)
  • description(bytes32 feedId) returns (string)
  • symbol(bytes32 feedId) returns (string)
  • feed(bytes32 feedId) returns (FeedView)
  • feeds(uint256 offset, uint256 limit) returns (FeedView[])
  • feedCount() returns (uint256)
  • feedIdAt(uint256 index) returns (bytes32)
  • adapterOf(bytes32 feedId) returns (address)
  • adapterAddress(bytes32 feedId) returns (address)
  • version() returns (uint256)

アダプターの読み取り関数

  • decimals() returns (uint8)
  • description() returns (string)
  • version() returns (uint256)
  • latestRoundData() returns (uint80 roundId, int256 answer, uint256 startedAt, uint256 updatedAt, uint80 answeredInRound)
  • getRoundData(uint80 roundId) returns (uint80, int256, uint256, uint256, uint80)
  • latestAnswer() returns (int256)
  • latestTimestamp() returns (uint256)
  • latestRound() returns (uint256)
  • symbol() returns (string)

どちらのアドレスもこのサイトには印字されていません。チェーンから入手する方法はアドレスを解決するにあります。

回答とその小数桁

回答は固定小数点の整数であり、浮動小数点でも wei でもありません。 ジェネシスの集合のどのフィードも decimals = 8 を持つので、415012345678 という回答は 4150.12345678 です。フィールドは 0 から 18 を許し、フィードごとに異なりうるので、利用者側に 8 を焼き込むのではなくフィードから 読んでください。

javascript
// answer arrives as a decimal string, because it does not fit a JS number safely.
const { answer, decimals, price } = result;         // "415012345678", 8, "4150.12345678"
const scaled = BigInt(answer);                       // keep it integral
const human = Number(scaled) / 10 ** decimals;       // only for display

// price is the same number pre-formatted with exactly `decimals` digits.
// Never parseFloat(answer) and never compare two feeds without rescaling both.

ゼロは価格ではありません

コントラクトは正でない回答を拒否するので、ゼロがラウンドに届くことはありません。だから あなたが読んだゼロは別のところから来ています。一度も書き込まれていないフィードに対する 旧来の latestAnswer() か、コードのないアドレスへの呼び出しです。後者は成功し、 何も返しません。roundId != 0 を確認するか、代わりに revert する latestRoundData() を使ってください。

JSON-RPC から

三つのメソッドがあり、いずれも鍵もアカウントも要らない素の読み取りです。JSON-RPC リファレンスにほかのすべてのメソッドと並べて 載っています。以下は、このレイヤーについてそれらが何を答えるかです。

Params
none
戻り値
{ core, version, blockNumber, timestamp, publisher, owner, genesisStateHash, feeds: [FeedObject] }

The whole registry in one read, and the answer to "what assets are there". The node reads feeds(offset, 256) against the published state snapshot once per EVM block and memoises it, so a client polling the list costs about what one eth_call costs.

Params
[feed] - "ETH/USD", "ETH-USD", "eth-usd" or "0x<64 hex feedId>"
戻り値
one FeedObject, the shape pickle_prices lists

One feed. A name that is not a well-formed symbol or a 32-byte id, or one the chain does not carry, answers -32602 "unknown feed" - never an empty answer that reads as a price of zero.

Params
none
戻り値
{ configured, pair, contract, roundId, answer, price, decimals, updatedAt, observedAt, ageSecs, staleAfterSecs, staleOnchain, feedId, adapter, core }

ETH/USD alone, in the shape the first version of this layer served, with contract set to the feed's adapter. When the feed cannot be read it answers an object carrying an error field rather than failing, so a caller must check for it.

bash
curl -s $RPC_URL -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"pickle_price","params":["AAPL-USD"]}'

# -> {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{
#      "symbol":"AAPL/USD","feedId":"0x...","adapter":"0x...","decimals":8,
#      "roundId":184,"answer":"23144000000","price":"231.44000000",
#      "updatedAt":1758470400,"observedAt":1758470396,
#      "status":2,"statusName":"closed","source":2,"sourceName":"pyth",
#      "ageSecs":51840,"staleAfterSecs":330,"staleOnchain":false, ... }}
#
# staleOnchain is FALSE at fourteen hours old, because the market is closed.

feed オブジェクト

フィールドValue
symbol"ETH/USD"the canonical spelling
feedId0x + 64 hexkeccak256 of the symbol
adapterchecksummed addressthis feed's Chainlink-shaped face; the one to point a consumer at
decimals8read it rather than assuming it
roundIduint0 means never written. answer, price, updatedAt and observedAt are then null
answerinteger as a stringthe fixed-point integer. 415012345678 at 8 decimals is 4150.12345678
pricedecimal stringthe same number formatted with exactly `decimals` fractional digits. A convenience, never a float
updatedAtunix secondsthe timestamp of the block that wrote the round
observedAtunix secondswhen the source saw the price. Usually LEADS updatedAt
status / statusName0 unknown, 1 open, 2 closed, 3 halted3 is reserved and never published. Check this before you check the age
source / sourceName0 unknown, 1 exchanges-median, 2 pythwhich method produced this round
ageSecsnow - updatedAtwall clock at the request, not at the seal. null on an unwritten feed
staleAfterSecs30, or heartbeat + 30flat on an everyBlock feed; a deviation feed gets its heartbeat plus the default, so a feed that has not moved is not stale until it has missed a heartbeat
staleOnchainbooleanageSecs > staleAfterSecs AND the status is not closed. An unwritten feed is always true
policy / policyName0 paused, 1 everyBlock, 2 deviationwith deviationBps, heartbeatSecs and maxStepBps beside them
capacityring lengthhow many rounds back getRoundData can still reach
これらの読み取りは重い読み取りの予算を消費します

All three methods run on the blocking pool and draw on the same token bucket as eth_call, eth_estimateGas and eth_getLogs: they simulate against the state snapshot. Exhausting it answers -32005 "rate limit exceeded for expensive read methods".

The registry read is memoised on the block tip, so the first caller in a block pays for the catalog decode and the rest do not. Leader and replica answer identically because both read the published snapshot rather than live execution state.

オラクルサービスから

この API は公開ホストでは提供されていません

The oracle service answers on port 3005 for reads and 3006 for the batch the node polls. The deployment binds 3005 to loopback and leaves 3006 unpublished, and no public vhost proxies either one.

Treat the JSON-RPC price methods as the public read surface. The routes below matter when you run the stack yourself, and when you need the per-venue detail the chain does not carry.

チェーンに対してこれが足すのは、計算の過程です。どの取引所が新鮮だったか、どれが中央値に 入ったか、それぞれが中央値からどれだけ離れていたか、そしてなぜフィードが公開していないか。 価格が欠けているとき、理由があるのはここです。

/v1/prices

GET

Every feed's FeedView, with generatedAtMs. The service-side equivalent of pickle_prices, plus the per-source detail: which venue was fresh, which was included in the median, each one's age, spread and delivery lag.

/v1/price/{symbol}

GET

One feed. The symbol may be ETH/USD, ETH-USD, eth-usd, the percent-encoded slash, or 0x + 64 hex. Anything else, or a feed that does not exist, answers 404 {"error":"unknown feed"}.

/v1/stream

GET

Server-sent events. An immediate prices event with every feed, then one per change carrying only the feeds that changed, plus an onchain event per new block listing the feeds whose round advanced. Bursts are coalesced and a keepalive comment is sent when nothing has moved.

/v1/eth-usd and /v1/eth-usd/stream

GET

The ETH/USD view and its stream in the shape the first version of this service served, kept for its consumers. The same data as /v1/price/ETH-USD under the original key names.

/v1/sources

GET

Operational rather than price data: every venue with its connection state, per-product message counts, reconnects and last message time, the Pyth client's state and per-feed accept and reject counters, and the chain poller's own status. This is where you look when a feed is stale and you want to know which leg failed.

/v1/contract

GET

The registry's address, owner, publisher and feed count as read from the chain, the two ABIs when the build artefacts are present, every feed's adapter, and the event topic hashes - recomputed locally so they are served even without the ABI files.

/v1/pyth/audit/{symbol}

GET

The raw accepted updates for one feed, up to 256 deep, with their publish times and slots, plus the reject counters by reason. The audit trail behind a price.

/health and /ready

GET

/health is 200 unless a worker thread has died. /ready is 503 while starting, when no feed is fresh, when the chain is unreachable or the registry has gone stale on chain - and 200 with a pyth_unauthorized warning when the credential is missing, because that is a degraded service rather than an unready one.

二つのポート、二つの相手。読み取りの API は 3005 で答えます。ノードが取りに行くバッチは 3006 の別のリスナーで、本文のバイト列そのものの HMAC を X-Pickle-Batch-Hmac に載せます。公開のリスナーに /v1/publish を 求めると、ルートの存在を認める代わりに 404 を返します。エラーの本文はどれも固定の文字列で、 パスも上流も例外のテキストも含みません。

フィードのビューがチェーンを越えて運ぶもの

フィールドValue
stale + reasonboolean and a codeno_sources, too_few_sources, starting, market_closed, cross_check_diverged, or a Pyth reason - state, age, lag, no_data
market{ isOpen, schedule, hermesIsOpen, nextOpen, nextClose, nextTransition }present on all 33 feeds, since every one carries a Pyth id; null only on a feed configured without one. The schedule is the raw schedule string
sourcesone row per venue, plus the Pyth rowprice, kind (mid or last), observedAtMs, ageMs, fresh, included, spreadBps, lagMs, state
degradedbooleanthe median was taken on exactly minSources venues; one more drop-out and the feed stops publishing
dispersed + dispersionBpsboolean and an integerthe spread between the included venues, and whether it exceeded the limit even after the outlier was dropped
outlierDroppedvenue name or nullwhich venue was excluded from this median
crossCheckBps + crossCheckDivergedinteger and booleanhow far the exchange median sits from the Pyth price for the same feed
lastKnown{ price, observedAtMs, ageMs } or nullthe last good answer while the feed is stale. Shown for diagnosis - it is not republished on chain
onchainthe chain's own row for this feedpolled once a second, so the service can show what actually landed beside what it computed

陳腐化

経過時間より先に状態を読むこと

Read status first, then staleness. A closed market's last print is the correct price for as long as the market is closed, and a naive "reject anything older than N minutes" check rejects every equity every weekend.

場合規則
everyBlock feedstale after 30 sORACLE_STALE_AFTER_SECS on the node, matching the service's setting of the same name
deviation feedstale after heartbeat + 30 s90 s on the crypto feeds, 330 s on every real-world feed. A feed that has not moved is not late
status closednever stale by agestaleOnchain stays false while the market is closed, however old the round is
roundId 0always stalenever written. answer and price are null, and the adapter's latestRoundData reverts

staleOnchain は、ノードがあなたの代わりにその規則を適用したものです。封印の 時刻ではなく、あなたのリクエストの実時計で判定されます。これは便宜です。コントラクトの 中にいる利用者にはそんなフィールドはなく、updatedAt を自分の許容値と 比べる必要があります。上のサンプルが行っているのがその検査です。

どの場合でも正直な信号は updatedAt です。公開が止まれば、単に進まなくなる だけだからです。頼れるオンチェーンの経過時間チェックはありません。There is deliberately no on-chain age check on observedAt. The node replays its write-ahead log with the restart-time timestamp, so a rule of the form block.timestamp - observedAt <= maxAge would fail every replayed update. Freshness is enforced by the publisher, which does not submit a stale aggregate, and by you, through updatedAt - which simply stops advancing when publication stops.

サービスは stale と並べて reason を報告し、その理由は別々に 扱う価値があります。too_few_sources は取引所が落ちたこと、cross_check_diverged は取引所と第二の情報源が食い違っていてフィードが 意図的に黙っていること、market_closed は何も悪いことは起きていないことを 意味します。それぞれがどう生じるかは価格はどう作られるかにあります。

市場の取引時間

Each feed with a Pyth leg carries a schedule: a time zone, seven day patterns starting Monday, and a list of dated overrides for holidays and half-days. It is resolved against the real time-zone database, so a market opens at 09:30 local whatever the daylight-saving offset that day.

区分文法
Time zoneAmerica/New_Yorkthe first section; every schedule in the catalog uses it
A dayO, C, or HHMM-HHMMO is the whole day, C is closed. Ranges are half-open and joined with & for a day with a break
OverridesMMDD/speca dated exception using the same day grammar - 1225/C for a holiday, 1127/0930-1300 for a half-day
フィードスケジュール
Crypto and the energy indicesO,O,O,O,O,O,Oopen every day, all day, with no overrides
The nine equities0930-1600 Monday to Friday, C,C at the weekendwith the exchange holiday and half-day list as overrides
EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY, USD/CHFcontinuous to 17:00 Friday, closed Saturday, reopening 17:00 Sundaytwo dated overrides shorten the sessions around the end of December
XAU/USD, XAG/USD, USD/CNHa daily 17:00-18:00 break, closed Saturday, reopening Sunday eveningthe metals carry the longer holiday list

The upstream also reports whether the market is open right now. That flag wins while its poll is fresh and no scheduled transition has passed since - it knows about a halt or an unlisted holiday that the schedule does not. Otherwise the schedule decides.

The status machinery applies to a feed whose price comes from the second source, which is every real-world feed. A feed publishing an exchange median reports status open, and that is consistent rather than a gap: all thirteen of them are crypto pairs whose schedule is open every day, all day.

閉場した市場は、陳腐化したフィードではありません

The price that stands while a market is closed is the one seen at the close, never anything republished afterwards. It is published with status closed and reason market_closed, and it is republished on a one-hour heartbeat rather than on the feed's normal cadence.

再開のゲート。 Going from closed back to open needs one accepted update whose publish time is later than the newest one seen up to the reopen. Until that arrives the feed keeps reporting closed and the standing price, so a stale pre-close print is never labelled as an open-market quote. A restart while the market is closed adopts the first accepted update as the standing price, because there was no close to observe.

窓開けは想定内です。 The first print after a reopen legitimately gaps. The contract's step check is bypassed whenever the status changed, so that print lands instead of being skipped as an implausible move.

利用者にとってこれは三つのことを意味します。株式のフィードは、陳腐化することなく 2 日半 変わらないままでいられます。素朴な鮮度の検査は、毎週末すべての現実世界フィードを、そして 毎晩それぞれを拒否します。そして、今まさに誰も作っていない価格で清算されてはならない ポジションは、status を読み、それが 2 の間は動かないように すべきです。正しいけれども動かない、据え置かれた価格の上で動くのではなく。

javascript
const feed = result;                       // one feed object

if (feed.roundId === 0) throw new Error("never written");
if (feed.statusName === "unknown") throw new Error("status not established");

const closed = feed.statusName === "closed";
if (!closed && feed.staleOnchain) throw new Error("stale while open");

// closed === true is a valid, current price for a market that is not trading.
// Decide deliberately whether your product acts on it.

ラウンド、履歴、スキップ

Rounds live in a fixed-size ring per feed rather than an append-only history. Round r sits at index r % capacity, is readable while latestRound - r < capacity, and is overwritten afterwards.

getRoundData on an evicted round reverts with "No data present", not with a zero answer. A feed with capacity 1,024 keeps its last 1,024 rounds and no more, so an indexer that wants full history reads the FeedUpdated logs rather than paging the ring.

updateMany never reverts on a bad item. One stale or out-of-range feed in a batch of sixty must not cost the other fifty-nine their round, so a bad item is skipped with a FeedSkipped(feedId, reason) log and the rest are written. Only a malformed batch - mismatched array lengths, over maxBatch, or a sender that is not the publisher - reverts.

理由意味
1unknown feedno feed registered under that id
2pausedthe feed's policy is paused
3answer out of rangenot strictly positive, or wider than int128
4observedAt in the futurebeyond block.timestamp + futureTolerance
5observedAt regressedolder than the feed's last observation; the round would go backwards in time
6step too largea move wider than the feed's maxStepBps - 2,000 bps on the equities and energy indices, 1,000 on the metals, 500 on FX, disabled on everything crypto. Bypassed whenever the status changed, so a reopening gap still lands

スキップされた項目は FeedSkipped のログとしてしか見えません。ラウンドは 進まず、前の回答がそのまま立ち続けます。したがって一つのフィードを見ている利用者は、 フィード ID をインデックス付きの topic にして FeedUpdated を見張るべきです。 それはアダプターが発行しないイベントです。そして長い沈黙は、決して来ないエラーを待つのでは なく、そのままのものとして扱ってください。